VA: Cologne - WDR: Early Electronic Music (BV Haast)
Purchased at a big Jerry's Records sale
I know that, in posting to this blog semi-regularly, I have probably repeated myself quite a few times. So I guess I'll do it again!
One reason I appreciate, if not outright enjoy, early electronic music is the sweat on it. It took tremendous effort to create these works, and in this case on equipment not even intended for musical purposes. That said, my preference leans towards works in the analog field more than the digital, even though early digital works would have been very work-intensive. I'll take a bit of grunginess over the clean playback of a computer-generated work. It's a generalization, though.
I also like that there were passionate schools of thought. Specifically, the French vs. German schools of post-war technology-based composition.* It's something I'd teach in my college classes, though I'd try to remind my students that boiling it down to France and Germany only is a dramatic simplification. There were concurrently to this time (approximately), studios popping up in the US, Italy, and Japan.
Using France and Germany as examples does supply an easy narrative to consider: the sampled sound world of musique concrète, the entirely synthesized sources in elektronishe musik. There's also the idea that the French school largely worked intuitively or even experientially, working the materials over based on hearing the results. The German school was more pre-determined, more rationalized.
The works on this disc date from 1952-58. You can hear the primitive sound quality on the earliest of the works, that there's a dullness to the sound, a slight muffled quality. The earliest works represented, by Herbert Eimert with and without Robert Beyer, sound like they are the loosest compositionally. "Klangstudie II" is a reworking of some of the same materials used in "Klangstudie I", both played in succession. I tend to prefer those to the more clearly serialized works such as the two compositions by Karel Goeyvaerts.
Some of the names I really only know because of this collection or from reading about the WDR studio: Eimert, Beyer, Goeyvaerts, Gredinger, Koenig, Kiebe. The more familiar names would be Hambraeus, Evangelisti, Brün, and especially Ligeti. The latter's two (and only two?) purely electronic works are included here. The studio had clearly made improvements and updates between the first pieces and these, from '57 and '58.
Name most notably missing: Karlheinz Stockhausen. He did after all become studio's musical director at one point. It's not that surprising and probably due to rights issues. Maybe that's a good thing. More composers get to be represented this way. I also find Stockhausen's "Studie I" and "Studie II" to be extremely dry and generally not that interesting. It's "Gesang der Jünglinge" where he made a major breakthrough, in scope and technique. Clocking at over thirteen minutes, putting that work on this collection would have knocked several other composers off.
A big question or tension in this all-electronic world is: do you attempt to model the sounds after acoustical instruments or other sounds from the natural world? I'm certain there's some of that. Nonetheless, this was a new and original sound world at the time, and these composers would have felt they needed to created new music with new techniques that weren't based on the past. The goals were both universalist (a music free of nationalism, for everyone) and complete newness. Nice ideals, but it is music that's very alien sounding at times. It's hard to identify with it. That's part of the impact of "Gesang", that the human voice used naturally draws your attention.
Seeing as all the works are based on similar sound sources, it's not too difficult to tell where one ends and the next begins. There's a range of techniques and sounds the composers choose. Nonetheless, the dogmatic passion that some of these composers felt, France vs. Germany, seems silly and short-sighted in retrospect. Why not use any combination of electronic and sampled audio sources?
* I began using the term "technology-based composition" to make a description more inclusive of a variety of techniques than "electronic music". Is musique concrète electronic music? I think it falls under that general umbrella, but there's an argument against it. Karlheinz Stockhausen gave himself credit for inventing electronic music. Not only did Pierre Schaeffer's first studies come before any Stockhausen work, but it's frankly disrespectful of those composers working at the WDR prior to him.
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